Easter Controversy

The Evolution of Passover to Easter: A Historical Analysis

The celebration of Easter has its roots in the biblical Passover, but over time, it has evolved into a distinct holiday with its own customs and traditions. This article explores the history of how Passover became Easter, and the implications for Christians today.

Origins of Passover

Passover, also known as Pesach, is a biblical holiday commemorating the Israelites’ liberation from slavery in Egypt. It is observed on the 14th day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar, as instructed in Leviticus 23:5. Jesus and the apostles observed Passover, and it was the day of Jesus’ crucifixion in Jerusalem, according to the Gospel of John (John 19:14) liberating the whole world from the slavery to sin.

The Significance of Passover and Unleavened Bread

The feasts of Passover and Unleavened Bread have deep meaning to Christ’s true disciples. They reveal aspects of God’s plan for the salvation of humanity—commemorating the fact that Jesus died for us and lives in us and for us (1 Corinthians 11:26; Galatians 2:20; Colossians 3:3-4). See article on Biblical Feasts.

The Council of Nicaea and the Rise of Easter

In AD 325, the First Council of Nicaea declared that Passover would be celebrated on a Sunday, rather than the traditional 14th day of Nisan. This decision marked the beginning of the transition from Passover to Easter. The Council of Arles in 314 had previously recommended that the Bishop of Rome set the date for Passover each year, but the Nicean Council’s decision solidified the shift towards Easter.

The Suppression of Passover

As the Catholic Church enforced its preference for Easter, those who wished to continue observing Passover were forced to go underground to avoid persecution. Today, some Christians still observe the biblical Passover and Days of Unleavened Bread, while others celebrate Easter.

The Origins of Easter Customs

The name “Easter” comes from the ancient Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar, known in the Bible as Astarte or Ashtoreth. The symbols of the Easter egg and the Easter hare or rabbit have their roots in spring fertility rites. These customs have been adopted into the celebration of Easter, but they are not found in the Bible.

The Bible’s Warning Against Pagan Practices

The Bible warns against adopting pagan practices in worship, stating, “Learn not the way of the heathen” (Jeremiah 10:2). Deuteronomy 12:30-32 instructs us not to add to or take away from God’s commands, and to avoid worshipping Him in ways that He hates.

Conclusion

As Christians, it is essential to examine our beliefs and practices in light of the Bible. While Easter has become a widely accepted holiday, its customs and traditions have their roots in paganism. If we desire to be true disciples of Christ, we must seek to understand and follow God’s commands, rather than adopting practices that have no biblical basis.